Basic Networking Interview Questions with answer

When were OSI model developed and why its standard called 802.XX and so on?

OSI model was developed in February1980 that why these also known as 802.XX Standard (Notice 80 means ==> 1980, 2means ==> February)

What is Full form of ADS?

Active Directory Structure

How will you register and activate windows?

If you have not activated windows XP, you can do so at any time by clicking the windows Activation icon in the system tray to initiate activation. Once you have activated windows XP, this icon disappears from the system tray.
For registration
Start ==> Run ==> regwiz /r

Where do we use cross and standard cable?

Computer to computer ==> cross
Switch/hub to switch/hub ==>cross
Computer to switch/hub ==>standard

How many pins do serial ports have?

In computer it’s known as com port and could be available in 9pin or 25 pin. On router it have 60 pins.

How will check ip address on 98?

Start ==> Run ==> command ==> winipcfg

How will you make partition after installing windows?

My computer ==> right click ==> manage ==> disk management ==>
select free space ==> right click ==> New partition

What is IP?

It’s a unique 32 bits software address of a node in a network.

What is private IP?

Three ranges of IP addresses have been reserved for private address and they are not valid for use on the Internet. If you want to access internet with these address you must have to use proxy server or NAT server (on normal cases the role of proxy server is played by your ISP.).If you do decide to implement a private IP address range, you can use IP addresses from any of the following classes:
Class A      10.0.0.0    10.255.255.255
Class B       172.16.0.0     172.31.255.255
Class C       192.168.0.0     192.168.255.255

What is public IP address?

A public IP address is an address leased from an ISP that allows or enables direct Internet communication.

What’s the benefit of subnetting?

Reduce the size of the routing tables.
Reduce network traffic. Broadcast traffic can be isolated within a single logical network.
Provide a way to secure network traffic by isolating it from the rest of the network.

What are the differences between static ip addressing and dynamic ip addressing?

With static IP addressing, a computer (or other device) is configured to always use the same IP address. With dynamic addressing, the IP address can change periodically and is managed by a centralized network service

What is APIPA?

Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA) is a feature mainly found in Microsoft operating systems. APIPA enables clients to still communicate with other computers on the same network segment until an IP address can be obtained from a DHCP server, allowing the machine to fully participate on the network. The range of these IP address are the 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 with a default Class B subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

What are the LMHOSTS files?

The LMHOSTS file is a static method of resolving NetBIOS names to IP addresses in the same way that the HOSTS file is a static method of resolving domain names into IP addresses. An LMHOSTS file is a text file that maps NetBIOS names to IP addresses; it must be manually configured and updated.

What is DHCP scope?

A scope is a range, or pool, of IP addresses that can be leased to DHCP clients on a given subnet.

What is FQDN?

An FQDN contains (fully qualified domain name) both the hostname and a domain name. It uniquely identifies a host within a DNS hierarchy

What is the DNS forwarder?

DNS servers often must communicate with DNS servers outside of the local network. A forwarder is an entry that is used when a DNS server receives DNS queries that it cannot resolve locally. It then forwards those requests to external DNS servers for resolution.

Which command will you use to find out the name of the pc in networks?

NSLOOKUP [192.168.0.1]
[Ip of target computer]

How will enable sound service in 2003?

By default this service remain disable to enable this service
Start ==> administrative tools ==> service ==> windows audio ==> start up type ==> automatic

How will enable CD burning service in 2003?

By default this service remain disable to enable this service
Start ==> administrative tools ==> service ==> IMAPI CD burning com service ==> start up type ==> automatic

Networking Interview Question With Answer

What are the difference between hub and switch?

Hub is a layer 1 device. It will out the signal from all of its port except the one from where its insert. It is unable to detect the collision. It works on single collision and single broadcast domain.
Switch is layer 2 device. It maintains a CAM table that store the MAC address of devices attached on its port. CAM table is used to make the forwarding decision. It works on per port collision and single broadcast domain.

What is layer?

Layer is a completely logical partition of PDU (protocol data unit) process. That define how the information is travel form one computer to other over the network.

What is TCP/IP?

It is combination of two protocols TCP and IP. It is used for reliable data transfer.

What is operating system?

An operating system (sometimes abbreviated as "OS") is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer. It provides a platform to application software.

What is package software?

The collection of mostly used software released in package Form Company. For Example Ms-Office that contain word, power point, Excel, etc.

Full form of .co.in, .com

• COM - ".com" stands for "commercial".
• NET - ".net" stands for "network"
• ORG - ".org" stands for "organization"
• INFO - ".info" stands for "information"
• BIZ - ".biz" stands for "business".
• IN - 'IN' stands for India. The 'IN' is a 2-letter country code for India.

What is ring topology?

In a ring topology, device one connects to device two, device two connects to device three, and so on to the last device, which connects back to device one.

Which cable is used in LAN?

Generally coaxial and TP media is used in LAN networking.

What are Difference between STP and UTP?

STP cable is mostly used by IBM; it has an extra cover over each pair.
UTP cable is used in star topology. It has a single cover over all pair.

What is IEEE?

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (read eye-triple-e) is an international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement of technology related to electricity. It has the most members of any technical professional organization in the world, with more than 365,000 members in around 150 countries.

What is 802.3?

IEEE 802.3 is a collection of IEEE standards defining the physical layer and the media access control (MAC) of the data link layer of wired Ethernet. Physical connections are made between nodes and infrastructure devices hubs, switches and routers by various types of copper or fiber cable.

Full form of ping.

PING stand for Packet Internet Grouper

What are the minimum requirements for xp installation?

64MB RAM
1.5GB free HDD space
233MHz minimum processor.

What are 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10BaseT Ethernet LANs?

10Base2— An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of 100 meters and a maximum of 2 segments.
10Base5—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling, with 5 continuous segments not exceeding 100 meters per segment.
10BaseT—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling and twisted pair cabling.

What is the difference between an unspecified passive open and a fully specified passive open?

An unspecified passive open has the server waiting for a connection request from a client.
A fully specified passive open has the server waiting for a connection from a specific client.

Explain the function of Transmission Control Block

A TCB is a complex data structure that contains a considerable amount of information about each connection.

What is a Management Information Base (MIB)?

A Management Information Base is part of every SNMP-managed device. Each SNMP agent has the MIB database that contains information about the device's status, its performance, connections, and configuration. The MIB is queried by SNMP.

What is anonymous FTP and why would you use it?

Anonymous FTP enables users to connect to a host without using a valid login and password. Usually, anonymous FTP uses a login called anonymous or guest, with the password usually requesting the user's ID for tracking purposes only. Anonymous FTP is used to enable a large number of users to access files on the host without having to go to the trouble of setting up logins for them all. Anonymous FTP systems usually have strict controls over the areas an anonymous user can access.

What is a pseudo tty?

A pseudo tty or false terminal enables external machines to connect through Telnet or rlogin. Without a pseudo tty, no connection can take place.

What does the Mount protocol do?

The Mount protocol returns a file handle and the name of the file system in which a requested file resides. The message is sent to the client from the server after reception of a client's request

What is External Data Representation?

External Data Representation is a method of encoding data within an RPC message, used to ensure that the data is not system-dependent.

Configure hotmail account with outlook.

Only paid Hotmail accounts work correctly with Microsoft Outlook Express. Outlook 2003 and Outlook 2007 can use the Outlook Connector to access a free Hotmail account.After you configure Microsoft Outlook Express or Microsoft Outlook to access you...After you configure Microsoft Outlook Express or Microsoft Outlook to access your Hotmail account, you receive the following error message when you try to download your Hotmail folders or when you try to send and receive e-mail messages:

Unknown Error

If you click Details, the following error details appear:
HTTPMAIL: 10:09:18 [rx]

HTTP/1.1 402 Access to Hotmail via Outlook & Outlook Express now requires a subscription. Please sign up at http://join.msn.com/hotmailplus/overview If you are running Outlook Express on a Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2)-based computer, you receive the following error message:
Could not connect to Hotmail as username@hotmail.com.

Hotmail no longer allows email access via Outlook Express for free Hotmail/MSN accounts.

To resolve this issue

• Use Method 1 for Outlook Express.
• Use Method 2 for Outlook 2003 and for Outlook 2007.

Method 1: Use Windows Live Mail instead of Outlook Express

Windows Live Mail is an e-mail program that you install on your computer. Windows Live Mail stores messages on your computer. This means that you can access, read, and compose e-mail messages even when you are not connected to the Internet. After you connect, Windows Live Mail will send and receive messages and update your accounts. WindowsLive Mail works with popular Web-based e-mail services such as Hotmail, AOL mail, Google mail, and Yahoo! mail. Windows Live Mail is built to automatically configure many popular e-mail services. To install Windows Live Mail, visit the following Microsoft Web site: 
http://get.live.com/wlmail/overview

Method 2: Use Outlook 2003 and Outlook 2007 together with the Outlook Connector

1. Exit Outlook.
2. Download and install the Outlook Connector
3. When prompted to open or save the file, click Open.
4. When prompted to run the software, click Run.

You may see a security prompt, depending on which operating system or Web browser you use. If you see such a dialog box, you must click the option to continue with the installation.

5. Follow the instructions on your screen to complete the installation.
6.The next time you start Outlook, you are prompted to configure the Outlook Connector. Enter the following information:
and Click OK.

• Your e-mail address
• Your password
• Your name as you want it to appear in the receiver's Inbox

After Outlook opens, your Windows Live Hotmail account appears in the Navigation Pane (Navigation Pane: The column on the left side of the Outlook window that includes panes such as Shortcuts or Mail and the shortcuts or folders within each pane. Click a folder to show the items in the folder.)

Synchronize you mail Click on send/receive

view the status of your account click on Server status

Add an additional Windows Live Hotmail account

• On the Outlook Connector menu, click Add a New Account.
  ( Note:- The Outlook Connector menu only appears if the Outlook Connector is installed.)
• Enter the following information:
1. Your e-mail address
2. Your password
3. Your name as you want it to appear in the receiver's Inbox
• Click OK.
• A dialog box appears to notify you that you must exit and restart Outlook to see the new account. Click OK.

Remove a Windows Live Hotmail account

Follow the instructions for the version of Office Outlook you are using.

Office Outlook 2007

1. On the Tools menu, click Account Settings.
   On the E-mail tab, click the Windows Live Hotmail account you want to remove.
2. Click Remove.
3. Click Yes to confirm that you want to remove the account.
4. Click Close.

Office Outlook 2003

1. On the Tools menu, click E-mail Accounts.
2. Select View or change existing e-mail accounts, and then click Next.
3. On the E-mail tab, click the Windows Live Hotmail account, and then click Remove.
4. Click Yes to confirm that you want to remove the account.
5. Click Finish.

Update a Windows Live Hotmail account password

If you change your Windows Live Hotmail account password, you must also update the information in Outlook. You first change your password at the Windows Live Hotmail Web site, and then you update the password that is saved in Outlook.
Follow the instructions for the version of Office Outlook you are using.

Office Outlook 2007

1. On the Tools menu, click Account Settings.
2. On the E-mail tab, click the Windows Live Hotmail account you want to update.
3. Click Change.
4. On the E-mail tab, click the Windows Live Hotmail account, and then click Change.
5. In the Password box, type your new password.
6. Click OK.
7. On the Account Settings dialog box, click Close.

Office Outlook 2003

1. On the Tools menu, click E-mail Accounts.
2. Select View or change existing e-mail accounts, and then click Next.
3. On the E-mail tab, click the Windows Live Hotmail account, and then click Change.
4. In the Password box, type your new password.
5. Click OK.
6. On the E-mail Accounts dialog box, click Finish.

To remove Outlookconnector:

• On the Start menu, point to Settings and then click Control Panel.
• Double-click Add/Remove Programs.
• In the list of currently installed programs, select Microsoft Office Outlook Connector and then click Remove or Add/Remove.
• If a dialog box appears, follow the instructions to remove the program.
• Click Yes or OK to confirm that you want to remove the program.

How to configure Gmail With Microsoft outlook Express Step by Step Guide

Outlook Express is easily the most popular Windows e-mail program. One reason for its popularity, of course, is that it is built into every Windows operating system. Outlook Express is easy to use and easy to upgrade.

Enabling POP

You can retrieve your Gmail messages with a client or device that supports POP, like Microsoft Outlook or NetscapeMail.
To enable POP in Gmail:

• Sign in to Gmail.
• Click Settings at the top of any Gmail page.

Click Forwarding and POP/IMAP

• Select Enable POP for all mail or Enable POP for mail that arrives from now on.
• Choose the action you'd like your Gmail messages to take after they are accessed with POP.

Configure your POP client* and click Save Changes

To set up your Outlook Express client to work with Gmail:

• Open Outlook or Outlook Express.
• Click the Tools menu, and select Accounts...
• Click Add and then click Mail...

• Enter your name in the Display name: field, and click Next.
• Enter your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com) in the Email address: field, and click Next.

Enter pop.gmail.com in the Incoming mail (POP3, IMAP or HTTP) server: field. Enter smtp.gmail.com in the Outgoing mail (SMTP) server: field.

• Click Next.
• Enter your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com') in the Account name: field. Enter your Gmail password in the Password field:, and click Next

• Click Finish.
• Highlight pop.gmail.com under Account, and click Properties.

• Click the Advanced tab.
• Fill in the following information:

1. Check the box next toThis server requires a secure connection (SSL) under Outgoing Mail (SMTP).
2. Enter 465 in the Outgoing mail (SMTP): field.
3. Under Outgoing Mail (SMTP), check the box next toThis server requires a secure connection (SSL).
4. Under Incoming mail (POP3), check the box next to This server requires a secure connection (SSL). The port will change to995.

Return to the Servers tab, and check the box next to My server requires authentication. 
Click OK.

Congratulations! You're done configuring your client to send and retrieve Gmail messages.

Outlook can generate a number of errors if improperly configured or not up to date. We tried to list some common error you may face while configuring the Gmail.

Gmail Error Message

Repeatedly prompted for your username and password or 'invalid credentials' error.

Enable POP in Gmail. Clear the captcha. If you're a Google Apps user, visit 
https://www.google.com/a/yourdomain.com/UnlockCaptcha. 
Be sure to replace 'yourdomain.com' with your actual domain name.

Gmail Error Message

The connection to the server has failed. Account: 'Gmail', Server: 'pop.gmail.com', Protocol: POP3, Port: 110, Secure(SSL): Yes, Socket Error: 10060, Error Number: 0x800CCC0E.

On the Advanced tab of your POP client, set Incoming mail (POP3): to 995.

Gmail Error Message

The message could not be sent because the server rejected the sender's e-mail address. The sender's e-mail address was 'example@gmail.com'. Subject 'example', Account: 'pop.gmail.com', Server: 'smtp.gmail.com', Protocol: SMTP, Server Response: '530 5.5.1 Authentication Required f45sm8616pyh', Port: 25, Secure(SSL): Yes, Server Error: 530, Error Number: 0x800CCC78.

On the Servers tab of your POP client, Enable My server requires authentication beneath Outgoing Mail Server.

Gmail Error Message

Your server has unexpectedly terminated the connection. Possible causes for this include server problems, network problems, or a long period of inactivity. Account: 'pop.gmail.com', Server: 'pop.gmail.com', Protocol: POP3, Port: 995, Secure(SSL): No, Error Number: 0x800CCC0F.

On the Advanced tab of your POP client, enable This server requires an encrypted connection (SSL) for the POP server.

Gmail Error Message

Your SMTP server has not responded in 60 seconds. Would you like to wait another 60 seconds for the server to respond? A time-out occurred while communicating with the server. Account: ' pop.gmail.com', Server: 'smtp.gmail.com', Protocol: SMTP, Port: 465, Secure(SSL): No, Error Number: 0x800CCC19.

On the Advanced tab of your POP client, enable This server requires an encrypted connection (SSL) for the SMTP server.

Gmail Error Message

The host 'smpt.gmail.com' could not be found. Please verify that you have entered the server name correctly. Account: 'pop.gmail.com', Server: 'smpt.gmail.com', Protocol: SMTP, Port: 465, Secure(SSL): Yes, Socket Error: 11001, Error Number: 0x800CCC0D.

On the Servers tab, change smpt.gmail.com to smtp.gmail.com.

Gmail Error Message

An unknown error has occurred. Account: 'Gmail', Server: 'pop.gmail.com', Protocol: POP3, Port: 995, Secure(SSL): Yes, Error Number: 0x800C0133.

In your POP client, click File > Folder > Compress All Folders.

How to configure peer to peer workgroup network step by step Guides part-III

If you would like to read the other parts in this article series please go to:

• step by step of setup peer to peer workgroup networks part 1
• step by step of setup peer to peer workgroup networks part 2

In the first part of this article series, I showed you how to prepare for peer to peer workgroup networking. And in second article I show you how to use Xp’ inbuilt setup home and small office wizard now it's time to configure Vista

On Vista Follow these Steps

On Desktop ==> Select My Computer ==> Right Click ==> Select properties

Select Change Setting ( administrative permission will be require )

Click on Change 

Change Computer name and workgroup name as per guide line given above.

Save the change ( Reboot will require)

After Reboot ==> Right Click on My Network Place ==> Properties

Now trun on Network discovery, File sharing, Printer Sharing

Click on Manage network connections

Select Local Area Connection ==> Properties ( all possible sitution of LAN card will be same as XP ) 

By Default vista will include More options used for IPv6 ( Just uncheck these options )
select Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP/IPv4) ==> properties

now give the IP address ==> ok ==> ok

Now open My network place ==> Click to change

Select Turn on network discovery and file sharing

If you can seen all your computer in my network place then its times to cheers you have successfully configured workgroup